The Brazilian Society for Psychomotor sets since 1984, Psychomotricity as follows:''is a science that aims at the study of man through your body in motion, in its relations with its internal and external world ``. Already Ajuriaguerra second Loureiro (1983) defined as the realization of thought through the motor act precise, economical and harmonious.
The second aims Psychomotricity Alves, improve or normalize the overall behavior of the individual, developing in a steady job on motor behaviors, where such conduct by an individual will become aware of your own body, developing balance, control its overall coordination and fine (target), the breath to organize and structure the space-time orientation.
PSYCHOMOTOR APPROACHES
There are three types of approaches psychomotor, and in certain jobs if they come to confuse, but there are different characteristics in each. We quote:
- Psychomotor education: improving opportunities perceptual-motor skills.
- Psychomotor reeducation: make the correction of its changes.
- Psychomotor therapy: improving opportunities perceptual-motor and fix your changes.
Picq & Vayer (1988) cite the following functions to be worked by psychomotor education: awareness of own body; domain of balance, control and effectiveness of various global and partial coordination, control of voluntary inhibition of respiration, the organization's body structure and orientation in space, space-time structure correct and greater possibilities for adaptation to the outside world.
Psychomotor retraining usually takes place in clinics and would be a relief strategy, where psychomotor through exercises and games, seeks to amend deficits in psychomotor development (Araujo, 1992). In this sense the psychomotor, psychomotor reeducation through a search of the functional organization and conduct of the action, reaching the individual in a holistic way. An intervention strategy in psychomotor is the act of play, this includes games, jokes and the toy itself.
The activities of the psychomotor domain, participants in the high-level sports training, are contemplated by the psychological preparation. To achieve maximum performance through training, contributions are required fields, emotional, cognitive and psychomotor, offering the most comprehensive training possible. (Silva 2004).
A SPATIAL STRUCTURE
It is through space and spatial relations that we stand in the way we live, which established relations between things, we make observations, compare them, combining them, seeing the similarities and differences between them.
It is an awareness of the plight of his own body in an environment, the situation of things between themselves and the organization to the world around him.
Firstly, the child perceives the position of your body in space. Then the position of objects in relation to itself and, finally, learn to perceive the relations between the positions of the goals themselves.
A TEMPORAL STRUCTURE
The notions of body, space and time have to be closely linked if we are to understand human movement. The body coordinates is, moves continuously in a particular place, a function of time in relation to a reference system.
For Campos (1997), temporal orientation is an experience that will ensure the location of past events, have the ability to project themselves into the future, making plans and deciding on your life.
A SPACE-TIME STRUCTURE
The spatial and temporal structures are interconnected, and the spatial structure, according to Mattos and Neira (2005) "the awareness of your body in an environment" that relate to location, orientation, maintenance of distance, speed, among others.
The temporal structuring is related to the order, duration, rhythm, processing, storage and rememorização (FONSECA, 1995).
The poor performance of a goalie coach on exit goal may be due to a failure or combination of structures mentioned above.
APPLIED Psychomotricity
PERCEPTIONS AND ABILITIES TO BE WORKED
Training and exercise of the following insights and capabilities:
a) your body and body segments;
b) the spatial perception of the areas of the keeper (small and large areas);
c) the perception of the goal and other landmarks;
d) from its static position and movement in the activities;
e) awareness and control of static objects and displacements;
f) subjective perception and control of the valences of reaction speed and strength fast.
1. Feature Theory
1.1. - Delineation of spaces to be exploited, controlled and dominated by goalkeepers in their actions specific output goal at crossings on the areas of goal.
For the delimitation of the spaces, traffic cones were used in pre-determined points distributed among small and large area, used the official markings of play areas and own goal by serving as reference points for the displacement of the goalkeepers, in an action of didactic teaching .
The goal was to bring a goalkeeper to the area of performance after repetition of systematic shifts that simulate game situations, made from an initial position (IP) to the reference points established.
1.2. Application of theory
The athletes received advance directives about the dynamics of implementation of the proposed exercises, which were placed without the goals of the exercise and consequently the theory, that such disclosure would not interfere with the results expected.
Initially the exercises were to perform simple movements, without the implement ball back and forth starting from an initial position (3m ahead of the midpoint of the goal line) to the seven references placed within the areas. With the character of just developing and evaluating the space-time concept was established and a subjective form of instruction in the application of speed in the execution paths: slow, moderate and fast, with the principles of biological individuality and customization.
It has been determined, showing the importance that during the execution paths, athletes visualize all reference points by using, for this, free movement of neck, searching the cited references to confirm their position in space (spatial) .
The training given under the new conditions occurred from February 2 to April 16, 2010. It was planned to hold 20 shares (outputs goal) for each of the seven specific sectors, since one did not need to shift a total of 280 (round trip) for each goalie.
INGREDIENTS TO BE WORKED
a) psychomotor component (concept space-time):
Displacements will be undertaken in three types of speed: slow and moderate.
Characteristics of shifts:
1 - these shifts will take place from an initial position and toward the reference points, marked by traffic cones and using the lines of the areas of goal, the penalty spot and the own goal;
2 - assume the displacements and outputs simulate goal in crosses high over the target areas and approaches for raids in soles frontal, diagonal (functional paths) and other approaches within the areas of soil;
3 - during the movements, the athlete should, in both outward and in return, see the reference points as a way to position it in space. The tri-leg of this position will:
THE ATHLETE - (S) POINT (S)-Reference - A BEACON
b) physical component (the introduction of the valences reaction speed and strength quickly);
Characteristics of shifts:
1 - introducing the valence speed (round trip), using the same distances (paths).
2 - apply the time taken and seek to reduce it.
c) technical component (crossing over areas).
Characteristics of shifts:
- introduction of the implement to be held ball exits the goal themselves.
1.3-Definition of the space and the paths to be worked on and evaluated:
This space is considered as a region rather exploited during football games through the crosses made by opponents, and an integral part of this study. Didactically and has a nomenclature itself is marked by ten traffic cones and two strips of nylon and explains positioned as shown below.
SECTORS OF ACTIVITY
GOAL AREAS AND Paths run
(SOME EXAMPLES)
In evaluating the outputs of goal (SG), we used two instruments: a video camera fixed behind the goals (goals) and a spreadsheet to record the actions of the goalkeepers broken by the letters `` C''for''the right actions and `` And for the wrong actions.
Data collection was performed in real time and through observation of the videos that were transcribed into a spreadsheet, calculating the number of SG and output types rated as output in a small area (SPA), the central point of departure in a short line area (SPCLPQ), output line of small area with 1 goal (SLPA1P), output line of small area with the 2nd goal (SLPA2P), output in the neutral zone (ZN), exit mark penalty (SMP), exit neutral zone with a second goal (SZN1B), output in the neutral zone with the 2nd goal (SZN2B) and range of 1st and / or 2nd goal with small area (F1 / 2 BPA).
The total number of SG performed the assessments (test and retest) for each athlete and the type was obtained by summing the number of SG for each of the eight sectors operated and transcribed into spreadsheets.
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